Preparation of Ayurvedic Medicine|Gutika|Pharmacognosy

 

Preparation of Ayurvedic Medicine

Gutika

These medications come in tablet (Vati) and pill (Gutika) form.They contain one or more herbal, mineral, or animal-based medications.

Making Gutika:

1. Take the medications and grind them into a fine powder.
2. Mineral medications are transformed into calcined goods (Bhasmas).
3. The drug is combined with other ingredients.
4. combined with the designated liquids to create a soft paste.
5. properly ground and formed into gutika (pills) or vati (tablets).

Gutika standardization: 

1. It ought to remain stable for two years following preparation. 

2. They are made entirely of mineral ingredients. They have an endless lifespan. 

3. When stored, they shouldn't lose their original color, taste, odor, or shape. 

4. They should be kept dry if they contain salt or sugar. 

For Example: Pranda Gutika, Khadiradi, Lasunadi gutika

Ayurvedic formulation Preparation of Aristas & Preparation of Asava Pharmacognosy

Ayurvedic formulation Preparation of Aristas & Preparation of Asava Pharmacognosy 

Preparation of Aristas & Preparation of Asava

Aristas & Asavas:  

They are also known as preparations contain self-generated alcohol (alcoholic preparations).  They are prepared by adding powdered drug or its decoction into solution of sugar/ Jaggery which facilitates the extraction of active principles present in the drugs.

these are the steps involved in preparation of Aristas & Asava

1. Crude drugs are coarsely powdered 
2. Decoction is prepared 
3. Filtered 
4. Mix other ingredient Contents are added to solution of sugar honey or jaggery 
5. Boiled cooled and transferred to wooden vessels 
6. Covered with an earthen lid 
7. Fermentation 
8. Filtered 
9. Stored

Standardization for Aristas & Asavas:

 1. It should be clear without any froth or foam at the top.

 2. It should not become sour upon standing.

 3. It should have a characteristic aromatic and alcoholic odour.

 4. These should be no effervescence produced. 

Example:

Aristas: Ashokarishta, Dasmularishta, Ashwgandharista, arjunarista,

Asavas: Arvindaswa, kumaryaswa, Vasakasava, Punarnavasa etc.

DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM ( Herbal Drugs)

 DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM ( Herbal Drugs)

COFFEE SEED

Synonyms: - Coffee bean, coffee seed, Arabica coffee, Arabian coffee, Abyssinian coffee, Brazilian coffee.

Biological Source:-

It is the dried ripe seeds of Coffea arabica Linn, belonging to family Rubiaceae.

Chemical Constituents: - Coffee seed contains

·         caffeine,

·          tannin

Uses:-

·         used as a flavoring agent

·         used as a stimulant

·         nervine and diuretic

·         acting on CNS, kidneys, heart and muscles

DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM Pharmacognosy (herbal drugs)

 DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM

EPHEDRA

Synonyms:- Ma Huang.

Biological Source:-

Ephedra consists of the dried aerial parts of Ephedra gerardiana , Ephedra nebrodensis and other Ephedra species, belonging to family Ephadreaceae.

Chemical Constituents:-  Ephedra contains

·         Ephedrine

·         Pseudoephedrine 

 Uses:-

·         Ephedrine is antiallergenic,

·          antiasthmatic, 

·         antispasmodic,

·         decongestant, cough suppressant, stimulant and vasoconstrictor

OPIUM 

Synonyms:- Crude Opium; Raw Opium; Gum Opium

Biological Source:-

Opium is the air dried milky latex obtained by incision from the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum , belonging to family Papaveraceae.

Chemical Constituents:-  Opium contains

·         morphine

·         papaverine 

·         noscapine

·         Codeine

 Uses:-

·         narcotic,

·         analgesic and sedative action

·         and used to relieve pain,

·         diarrhoea dysentery and cough

·         used as antispasmodic

DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM ( Herbal Drugs)

 TEA LEAVES

Biological Source:-

It contains the prepared leaves and leaf buds of Thea sinensis , belonging to family Theaceae.

Chemical Constituents:-  TEA contains

·         caffeine 

·         theobromine and

·         theophylline

Uses:-

·         It is used as stimulant,

·          astringent and

               also as diuretic.

COCA

Synonyms: - Coca, Cuca, Cocaine, Folium cocae, Peruvian coca. 

Biological Source:-                                                                                             

Coca consists of the dried leaves of various species of Eryth-mxylon, that is, Erythroxylon coca, belonging to family Erythroxylaceae.

Chemical Constituents: - Coca contains

·         Cocaine

·         Cocamine

·         Tropacocaine

Uses:-

·         Cocaine has stimulant action on CNS.

·          local anesthetic

·         minor local surgery of ophthalmic, ear, nose and throat

·         during convalescence, to relieve nausea, vomiting and pains of the stomach without upsetting the digestion

DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM ( Herbal Drugs)

 

DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM

HYOSCYAMUS

Synonyms:- Common Henbane, Hyoscyamus, Hog’s-bean, Jupiter’s-bean, Symphonica.

Biological Source:- 

Hyoscyamus consists of the dried leaves and flowering tops of Hyoscyamus niger., belonging to family Solanaceae. 

Chemical Constituents:- hyoscyamus contains

·         Hyoscyamine

·         Hyoscine

·         Scopolamine

Uses:-

·         used as antispasmodic

·         hypnotic and mild diuretic

·         relieve pain in cystitis

·         used to relieve the griping

 

Pharmacognosy of GUGGUL

 

GUGGUL

Synonyms:- Gumgugul, Salai-gogil. 

Biological Source:-

Guggal is a gum resin obtained by incision of the bark of Commiphora weightii , belonging to family Burseraceae.

Chemical Constituents: Guggul contains

·         Myrcene

·         Dimyrcene, polymyrcene

·         Guggulosterone

·         Guggulosterol

Uses

·         Used as an anti inflammatory.

·         used as an anti rhumetic

·         expectorant

·         carminative